Paralel Structure

Pengertian
Sama seperti kata parallel yang berarti sekumpulan dan saling sambung menyambung, parallel sentence merupakan komponen kata yang memiliki struktur atau bentuk kalimat yang sama. Ada beberapa jenis parallel structure.

  1. Kata apa saja yang dirangkai atau disejajarkan harus dalam bentuk gramatikal yang sama. 
a. Nouns
Contoh : He likes music (N)art (N), and history (N).
b. Gerunds
Contoh : He likes swimming (V-ing), dancing (V-ing), and horseback riding (V-ing)
c. Adjectives
Contoh : He is tall (adj), dark (adj), and handsome (adj).
d. Infinitive
Contoh : They wanted to point (Inf.)the living room, to lay (Inf.) a new carpet, and to buy (Inf.) a new sofa. (preposisi dalam kalimat kedua dan ketiga bisa dihilangkan)
e. Past Tense
Contoh : The Romans conquered (past), colonized (past), and governed (past) much of the world.
f. Past Perfect Tense
Contoh : He had finished (past perfect) the game, had taken (past perfect) a shower, and had eaten (past perfect) lunch by the time I got to his house.


  1. Struktur dengan memakai penghubung But, And, As, Or, Than,  dan Although harus mempunyai gramatikal yang sama.
a. But
Contoh : The questions in the exam was simple (Adj.) but difficult (Adj.).
b. And
Contoh : Ali enjoyed the movie of James Bond (Noun Phrase) and the music of Rihanna (Noun Phrase).
c. As
Contoh : Taking (V-ing) the train can be as costly as taking (V-ing) the plane.
4. Or
Contoh : He wanted to borrow (to Inf.) a car or to rent (to Inf.) one while his car was being repaired.
5. Than
Contoh : Cooking (V-ing) at home is more interesting than eating (V-ing) in a restaurant.
6. Although
Contoh : Although he liked to eat (to Inf.) good food, he did not like to pay (to Inf.) high price for it


  1. Paralel yang di hubungkan dengan Correlative Conjungtion

ada beberapa macam correlative conjungtion,yaitu
  1. Both____________ and _________
  2. Neither__________ nor_________
  3. Either___________ or__________
  4. Not Only_________ but also______
Contohnya:
  • This food not only for you but also for your father
  • According to this proposal, by 2030 all new building should operate as carbon neutral, that is, requiring no emission of greenhouse gases, either directly or indirectly, to operate.


  1. Paralel yang diterapkan pada elemen-elemen yang dibandingkan

Contohnya
  • I like swimming better then running
  • Lutfi is more handsome than Arief


Contoh lebih lanjut yang saya kutip dari sebuah buku
Ket:
Bercetak tebal             :  subject
Bercetak miring           :  parallel structure
Berwarna merah          :  kata kerja
Bergaris bawah           :  clause

  1. Whether they are reading, looking, or listeningyour audience may not give you their full attention.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. In scooping a project, you can look at your subject either broadly or narrowly
(Source : writing for business)

  1. Select an organization method by asking and answering
(Source : writing for business)

  1. Designers, builders, consultants and owners are showing increasing awareness of  how the radiative properties of roofs contribute to buildings thermal performance.
(Source: Green Building A to Z, jerry Yudelson ).

  1. Your document not only should state your key message but also should explain why it is important.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. But clarity and simplicity not overblown language will better accomplish your objective
(Source : writing for business)

  1. Email has become the dominant method of communication in many companies because it’s fast, easy, and inexpensive.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. Massages are occasionally misdirected or forwarded to unintended recipients, sometimes with negative consequences.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. If your subject line is too general or vaguethe reader may skip your message.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. To ensure that yours is opened and readyou must make it stand out.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. Let your reader know whether it’s a call to action, a request for information, a sharing of information, or a recommendation.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. When writing to your peers and friendsyou can be as informal as you want.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. When writing to superior or client, make your email look like a brief professional memo.
(Source : writing for business)

  1. Email may be the preferred form of communication in many organization, but it’s not always the most effective or appropriate
(Source : writing for business)

  1. For personal  or  confidential  exchange , call or meet the person.
(Source : writing for business)

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